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1 export opportunities
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2 export opportunities
возможности экспорта (перспективы развития экспортной деятельности организации, вероятность успешного экспорта какой-либо продукции)Англо-русский словарь промышленной и научной лексики > export opportunities
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3 возможности для экспорта
Русско-английский политический словарь > возможности для экспорта
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4 opportunity
nвозможность; перспективы; благоприятный случай, шанс; благоприятная возможностьto expand / to extend opportunities — расширять возможности
to lose an opportunity — упускать возможность / случай
to open up opportunities in smth — открывать возможности в каких-л. областях
to overlook an opportunity — упускать возможность / случай
to slip an opportunity — упускать возможность / случай
- economic opportunitiesto take / to use the opportunity (of) — пользоваться случаем
- educational opportunities
- employment opportunities
- equal opportunities
- excellent opportunity for smth
- export opportunities
- golden opportunity
- historic opportunity
- job opportunities
- market opportunities
- marketing opportunities
- photo opportunity
- production opportunities
- profit opportunities
- taking the opportunity
- trading opportunities
- we have a window of opportunity -
5 restringere
narrowvestito, giacca take in* * *restringere v.tr.1 to narrow; ( contrarre) to contract: abbiamo ristretto il locale di quasi due metri, we've made the room smaller by two metres; la strada è stata ristretta prima del ponte, the road has been narrowed before the bridge; una crema per restringere i pori, an astringent cream; (fot.) restringere il campo, to narrow the field2 (vestiti ecc.) to take* in, to tighten; bisogna ( far) restringere questo vestito, this dress must be taken in; il sarto restringerà la gonna sui fianchi, the tailor will take in the skirt at the hips3 (fig.) ( limitare) to limit; to restrict; ( diminuire) to lessen, to reduce; to condense: ho ristretto la mia indagine agli aspetti sociali del problema, I have restricted (o limited) my survey to the social aspects of the problem; restringere una lunga relazione in qualche paragrafo, to condense a long report into a few paragraphs; ho dovuto restringere il numero degli invitati, I had to reduce the number of guests; la nuova tassa restringe enormemente la possibilità di esportare, the new tax restricts export opportunities considerably // far restringere il sugo, to reduce the sauce // (econ.): restringere le spese, to limit (o to cut down) expenses; restringere il disavanzo, to reduce the deficit; restringere gli investimenti, to retrench investments; restringere il commercio, to restrain trade; restringere i controlli sulle importazioni, to tighten controls on importation; (banca) restringere il credito, to squeeze credit.1 to narrow, to get* narrower; ( contrarsi) to contract: più avanti la strada si restringe, the road gets narrower (o narrows) farther on // restringere nelle spalle, to shrug2 ( farsi stretti) to move up, to close up: restringetevi, sta venendo altra gente, move up, there are other people coming4 (fig.) ( limitarsi) to limit oneself; to restrain oneself: restringere a parlare solo di un argomento, to limit oneself to speaking of one subject only; la sua cerchia di amicizie si è ristretta a due o tre persone, his circle of friends has fallen to two or three now; le possibilità di trovare superstiti si restringono col passare dei giorni, the likelihood of finding survivors fades as the days go by; ormai il numero dei possibili candidati si è ristretto a pochi nomi, now the number of possible candidates has come down to just a few names; restringere nelle spese, to cut down (o to limit) one's expenses.* * *1. [res'trindʒere]vb irreg vt(strada) to narrow, (abito, gonna) to take in2. vip (restringersi)il campo si restringe — (fig : di ipotesi, possibilità) the field is narrowing
* * *[res'trindʒere] 1.verbo transitivo1) (rendere più stretto) to narrow [passaggio, strada]; to shrink* [ vestito]2) (fare contrarre) to contract [ pupilla]3) fig. to narrow (down) [campo, ambito, orizzonte]; to reduce, to limit [libertà, numero]2.verbo pronominale restringersi1) (diventare più stretto) [sentiero, valle, fiume] to narrow, to grow* narrow, to become* narrow; [ vestito] to shrink*2) (contrarsi) [ pupilla] to contract3) fig. [campo, ambito, possibilità] to be* narrowed* * *restringere/res'trindʒere/ [36]1 (rendere più stretto) to narrow [passaggio, strada]; to shrink* [ vestito]2 (fare contrarre) to contract [ pupilla]3 fig. to narrow (down) [campo, ambito, orizzonte]; to reduce, to limit [libertà, numero]II restringersi verbo pronominale1 (diventare più stretto) [sentiero, valle, fiume] to narrow, to grow* narrow, to become* narrow; [ vestito] to shrink*2 (contrarsi) [ pupilla] to contract3 fig. [campo, ambito, possibilità] to be* narrowed. -
6 opportunity
1 (appropriate time, occasion) occasion f (for de ; to do, of doing, for doing de faire) ; to seek an opportunity for discussion/rest chercher une occasion de or pour discuter/se reposer ; to give sb an ou the opportunity to do donner à qn l'occasion de faire ; to give sb every opportunity donner à qn toutes les chances (to do de faire) ; to miss a golden opportunity rater une occasion en or ; I should like to take this opportunity to say j'aimerais profiter de cette occasion pour dire ; at the earliest opportunity à la première occasion ;2 (good chance, possibility) possibilité f ; training/career opportunities possibilités de formation/de carrière ; export/investment opportunity possibilité d'exportation/d'investissement ; a job with opportunities un travail avec des perspectives ; ‘ideal opportunity in industry for young graduate’ ‘occasion idéale pour jeune diplômé de l'université d'entrer dans l'industrie’.opportunity knocks! la chance frappe à la porte! -
7 débouché
débouché [debu∫e]masculine nouna. ( = marché, créneau) outlet ; ( = carrière) openingb. ( = sortie, ouverture) opening* * *debuʃenom masculin1) ( ouverture commerciale) (pays, région) market ( dans in; pour for); ( créneau) outlet ( dans in; pour for)2) ( perspective d'avenir) job opportunity (en in)3) ( de vallée) mouth* * *debuʃe nm1) (pour vendre) outlet2) (= perspective d'emploi) openingQuels débouchés y a-t-il après ces études? — What sort of job does this course qualify you for?, What kind of openings are there for you after this course?
3) (= sortie)au débouché de la vallée — where the valley opens out, where the valley opens out onto the plain
* * *débouché nm1 ( ouverture commerciale) (pays, région) market (dans in; pour for); ( créneau) outlet (dans in; pour for); trouver de nouveaux débouchés à l'exportation to find new export outlets;2 ( perspective d'avenir) opening, job opportunity (en in); la formation offre peu de débouchés the training course offers few job opportunities;3 ( de vallée) mouth; au débouché de la rue where the street opens out; avoir un débouché sur la mer to have access to the sea.[debuʃe] nom masculin1. [possibilité d'emploi] career prospect[marché] market3. [issue] end————————au débouché de locution prépositionnelle -
8 mogelijkheid
1 [het mogelijk zijn] possibility2 [iets dat mogelijk is] 〈 abstract〉 possibility ⇒ 〈 te grijpen kans〉 chance, 〈 gebeurtenis〉 eventuality♦voorbeelden:dat behoort tot de mogelijkheden • it is one of the possibilitiesde mogelijkheid bestaat dat … • there is a possibility that …er bestaat een kleine mogelijkheid dat … • it is just possible that …Amsterdam biedt vele mogelijkheden • Amsterdam offers a lot of opportunitieszij onderschat haar mogelijkheden • she underestimates herselfdat opent de mogelijkheid om te • that makes it possible toop alle mogelijkheden voorbereid zijn • be prepared for anything/all eventualitiesik kan het met geen mogelijkheid afkrijgen • I can't possibly finish iter is geen mogelijkheid dat te doen • there's no possibility of doing thatik zie geen mogelijkheid me daarvoor vrij te maken • I cannot possibly get time off for this3 het land biedt grote mogelijkheden voor het toerisme • the country offers good prospects for tourismnieuwe mogelijkheden voor de export • new openings/prospects for export -
9 credit
1. сущ.1) общ. вера, довериеto lose credit, to run out of credit — потерять доверие
See:2)а) общ. хорошая репутация, доброе имя; честь, репутацияHe is a man of (the highest) credit. — Он человек отличной репутации.
See:б) общ. заслуга, честь, похвалаtake the credit for— приписывать себе заслуги в...
в) общ. влияние; значение; уважениег) общ. источник уважения*, источник [предмет\] гордости* (нечто или некто, благотворно влияющий на чью-л. репутацию)Syn:Ant:3)а) фин., банк. кредит (предоставление одним лицом другому лицу на фиксированный срок определенной суммы денег или отсрочки платежа за товар или услуги в обмен на вознаграждение в форме процента)to allocate [allot, grant, give, allow, supply, provide, extend\] a credit — выделять [предоставлять\] кредит (кому-л. или на что-л.)
to reject credit — отказать в кредите, отказать в выдаче кредита
to use [utilize\] a credit — использовать кредит, пользоваться кредитом
to cancel a credit — аннулировать кредит; аннулировать аккредитив ( расторгнуть кредитное соглашение)
credit at [with\] a bank — кредит в банке
credit against goods — подтоварный кредит, кредит под товары
credit extension — предоставление [выдача\] кредита
credit obligations — кредитные обязательства, обязательства по кредитам
credit on favourable [easy\] terms — кредит на льготных условиях
Syn:See:acceptance credit, adjustment credit, adverse credit 1), agricultural credit, available credit, backup credit, bridging credit, business credit, buyer credit, buyer's credit, closed-end credit, commercial credit, concessional credit, consumer credit, discount credit, emergency credit, eurocredit, extended credit, external credit, export credit, farm credit, financial credit, foreign credit, frozen credit, general purpose credit, guaranteed credit, home equity credit, internal credit, international credit, long-term credit, microcredit, mixed credit, mortgage credit, multicurrency credit, non-revolving credit, open-end credit, paper credit, personal credit, revolving credit, stand-by credit, seasonal credit, short-term credit, supplier credit, supplier's credit, tied credit, tied aid credit, total credits, trade credit, untied credit, credit analyst, credit broker, credit buyer, credit card, credit condition, credit customer, credit delivery, credit market, credit purchase, credit risk, credit sale, credit subsidy, credit trader, credit tranche, credit transaction, credit and delivery, buy on credit, abuse of credit, sell on credit, in credit, equal credit opportunities, line of credit, Fair Credit Reporting Act, Commodity Credit Corporation, concessional loan, creditorб) фин., банк. сумма кредита, долг4) банк. аккредитивSyn:See:5) сокр. CR, CT учет кредита) (правая сторона бухгалтерского счета или учетной книги; в активных счетах — расход (расходование денежных средств, материалов, списание из запасов готовой продукции, списание накопленных затрат со счета незавершенного производства и т. п.), в пассивных — поступление (привлечение дополнительного акционерного капитала или получение новых кредитов, получение прибыли и т. п.); в банковском учете отражает зачисление средств на счет клиента)Syn:See:б) (входящая сумма или сальдо, записанное на правой стороне бухгалтерского счета; в банковском учете означает изменение счета клиента в его пользу или положительный остаток на счете клиента)Ant:See:6) гос. фин. = tax creditSee:7)а) мн., общ. список участников и/или организаторов (проекта, какого-л. мероприятия и т. п.)Syn:See:б) общ. ссылка* ( указание на источник текстового или графического материала)When you borrow the words, give credit to the original author in your paper. — Когда вы цитируете слова, ссылайтесь в своей работе на их автора.
Syn:credit line 2)8) обр. балл, очко (условный балл, начисляемый за прослушивание какого-л. учебного курса; за единицу принимается стандартный курс, длящийся в течение одного семестра; за посещение специальных курсов может начисляться несколько условных баллов; студент обязан в течение года посетить столько курсов, чтобы общее число баллов было не ниже определенного уровня)9) мн., гос. фин., эк. тр., амер. очки* (при исчислении размера социальной пенсии в системе социальной защиты США: очки, которые начисляются за определенную сумму годового дохода в течение всего стажа работы; одно очко дается за определенную сумму заработка, напр., в 2004 г. одно очко назначалось за каждые $600 дохода; ежегодное накопление очков не может превышать четырех; некоторые категории населения (напр., военнослужащие или лица с крайне низким доходом) имеют дополнительные правила накопления очков; чтобы иметь право на получение социальной пенсии по старости, необходимо набрать не менее 40 очков; количество очков, необходимое для получения права на пенсию по инвалидности или по утере кормильца, зависит от возраста работника)Syn:See:2. гл.1) общ. верить, доверятьHe was kindly cared for by the good people who could scarcely credit his story. — О нем по-доброму позаботились хорошие люди, которые с трудом верили его рассказу.
Ant:2) учет записывать в кредит, кредитовать, проводить по кредиту ( записывать сумму по правой стороне счета)to credit an amount to smb. — записывать сумму в кредит чьего-л. счета
We will credit the amount to an account registered in your name. — Мы запишем сумму в кредит счета, зарегистрированного на ваше имя.
See:3) общ. приписывать (кому-л. или чему-л. что-л.; напр., кому-л. совершение какого-л. действия); признавать (официально признавать чье-л. участие или чей-л. вклад в каком-л. проекте, фильме, работе и т. п.; ссылаться на автора или первоисточника какого-л. материала)I can definitely see why many credit her with influencing. — Я очень хорошо понимаю, почему многие считают ее влиятельной.
Syn:4) общ., редк. повышать репутацию
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credit (CR; CT) кредит: 1) сделка ссуды: кредитор предоставляет заемщику на фиксированный срок наличную сумму денег или соглашается на отсрочку платежа за товар или услуги в обмен на вознаграждение в форме процента; предполагает возможность получить денежную сумму на условиях платности и возвратности; кредит, кредитная линия, аккредитив, облигация, кредит по открытому счету и др. формы кредита; см. closed-end credit; 2) приходная (правая) часть бухгалтерских книг; запись (проводка) поступившей суммы в кредит; кредит баланса в противоположность дебиту; см. credit balance; 3) кредит: изменение счета клиента в его пользу; положительный остаток на счете клиента.* * *Кредит; кредитовый; кредитовать; кредитная секция. Денежные средства, данные взаймы . Словарь экономических терминов .* * *Банки/Банковские операциирасчетный или денежный документ, представляющий собой поручение одного банка другому произвести за счет специально забронированных средств оплату товарно-транспортных документов за отгруженный товар или выплатить предъявителю определенную сумму денег-----Финансы/Кредит/Валютассуда в денежной или товарной форме, предоставляемая кредитором заемщику на условиях возвратности, чаще всего с выплатой заемщиком процента за пользование ссудой-----кредит; доверие-----запись (проводка), производимая в правой части счета при системе бухгалтерского учета с двойной записью и отражающая приход актива -
10 LEO
1) Военный термин: Leadership Experience And Opportunity, Leadership Experience Opportunity, liaison engineering order2) Техника: lasers and electrooptics3) Химия: Loose Electrons Oxidized4) Юридический термин: Law Enforcement Only5) Биржевой термин: Long-term Equity Options6) Сокращение: Low Earth Orbit, Low-Cost Operator's Workstation, low-earth orbit, lunar exploration operations7) Физиология: Law Enforcement Officer8) Вычислительная техника: Low Earth Orbit (Space), Link Everything Online (WWW, TUM)9) Космонавтика: НОЗО, НОО, низкая околоземная орбита, низкая опорная орбита10) Технология интегральных схем: эпитаксиальное латеральное наращивание (Lateral Epitaxy Overgrowth ≡ Epitaxy Lateral Overgrowth (ELOG))11) СМИ: The Louisville Eccentric Observer12) Деловая лексика: Lyons Electronic Office13) Образование: Leadership Experience Opportunities, Library Education Online, Literacy Education Online14) Таможенная деятельность: Let Export Order15) Макаров: linear electrooptic effect16) Безопасность: сотрудник правоохранительных органов (от Law Enforcement Officer)17) Космический летательный аппарат: низкая орбита, низкая стационарная орбита, низкая стационарная орбита ИСЗ18) Программное обеспечение: Lyon's Electronic Office -
11 Leo
1) Военный термин: Leadership Experience And Opportunity, Leadership Experience Opportunity, liaison engineering order2) Техника: lasers and electrooptics3) Химия: Loose Electrons Oxidized4) Юридический термин: Law Enforcement Only5) Биржевой термин: Long-term Equity Options6) Сокращение: Low Earth Orbit, Low-Cost Operator's Workstation, low-earth orbit, lunar exploration operations7) Физиология: Law Enforcement Officer8) Вычислительная техника: Low Earth Orbit (Space), Link Everything Online (WWW, TUM)9) Космонавтика: НОЗО, НОО, низкая околоземная орбита, низкая опорная орбита10) Технология интегральных схем: эпитаксиальное латеральное наращивание (Lateral Epitaxy Overgrowth ≡ Epitaxy Lateral Overgrowth (ELOG))11) СМИ: The Louisville Eccentric Observer12) Деловая лексика: Lyons Electronic Office13) Образование: Leadership Experience Opportunities, Library Education Online, Literacy Education Online14) Таможенная деятельность: Let Export Order15) Макаров: linear electrooptic effect16) Безопасность: сотрудник правоохранительных органов (от Law Enforcement Officer)17) Космический летательный аппарат: низкая орбита, низкая стационарная орбита, низкая стационарная орбита ИСЗ18) Программное обеспечение: Lyon's Electronic Office -
12 leo
1) Военный термин: Leadership Experience And Opportunity, Leadership Experience Opportunity, liaison engineering order2) Техника: lasers and electrooptics3) Химия: Loose Electrons Oxidized4) Юридический термин: Law Enforcement Only5) Биржевой термин: Long-term Equity Options6) Сокращение: Low Earth Orbit, Low-Cost Operator's Workstation, low-earth orbit, lunar exploration operations7) Физиология: Law Enforcement Officer8) Вычислительная техника: Low Earth Orbit (Space), Link Everything Online (WWW, TUM)9) Космонавтика: НОЗО, НОО, низкая околоземная орбита, низкая опорная орбита10) Технология интегральных схем: эпитаксиальное латеральное наращивание (Lateral Epitaxy Overgrowth ≡ Epitaxy Lateral Overgrowth (ELOG))11) СМИ: The Louisville Eccentric Observer12) Деловая лексика: Lyons Electronic Office13) Образование: Leadership Experience Opportunities, Library Education Online, Literacy Education Online14) Таможенная деятельность: Let Export Order15) Макаров: linear electrooptic effect16) Безопасность: сотрудник правоохранительных органов (от Law Enforcement Officer)17) Космический летательный аппарат: низкая орбита, низкая стационарная орбита, низкая стационарная орбита ИСЗ18) Программное обеспечение: Lyon's Electronic Office -
13 business
(bus, biz)1. n ком. бізнес; діло; справа; підприємництво; торговельна діяльність; торгівля; діяльність; a підприємницький; діловий; 2. n підприємство; компанія; фірма; a фірмовий1. заняття або системна діяльність, що реалізується у виробничій (manufacture), промисловій, торговельній (trade) та ін. сферах з метою одержання прибутку (profit) шляхом купівлі та продажу товарів (goods) і послуг (service¹); 2. організація, покликана засобами торгівлі задовольнити потреби суспільства і одержати прибуток; ♦ існує кілька основних видів підприємств, а саме: одноосібне підприємство (sole proprietorship), партнерство (partnership) та компанія (company) або корпорація (corporation)═════════■═════════advertising business рекламна справа • рекламний бізнес • рекламне агентство; annual business річна справа; banking business банківське діло • банківські операції; bankrupt business збанкрутіле підприємство; beverage business підприємство у сфері виробництва напоїв; big business велике підприємство; brokerage business посередницька справа • брокерська контора; capital-intensive business капіталомістке підприємство; commercial business торговельне підприємство • торгівля; competing business конкурентне підприємство; current business поточна справа; durable goods business торгівля товарами довгострокового вжитку; export business експортний бізнес; family-owned business сімейне підприємство • родинне підприємство; foreign-owned business підприємство, яке належить закордонному власнику; government business державна справа; hospitality business готельний бізнес; illegal business заборонена справа • незаконне підприємство • незаконна справа; import business бізнес у сфері імпорту; incorporated business акціонерне підприємство • акціонерна компанія; insurance business страховий бізнес; investment business інвестиційна діяльність; joint business спільне підприємство; large-scale retail business велике підприємство роздрібної торгівлі; loan business кредитна справа; local business місцеве підприємництво; mail-order business посилковий торговельний бізнес; mercantile business торговельне підприємство; official business офіційна справа; private business приватне підприємство; produce business торгівля сільськогосподарськими продуктами; profitable business прибутковий бізнес; proprietary business виробництво фірмової продукції; publishing business видавнича справа • книготорговий бізнес; real estate business бізнес у сфері нерухомості; retail business роздрібна торгівля • підприємство роздрібної торгівлі; seasonal business сезонне підприємництво; securities business торгівля цінними паперами; service business бізнес у сфері обслуговування; small business мале підприємництво; small-scale retail business мале роздрібне підприємство; unincorporated business неакцір-нерне підприємство; well-established business солідне підприємство • солідна фірма; wholesale business оптове підприємство • оптова торгівля═════════□═════════business ability спроможність до комерційної діяльності; business account рахунок підприємств; business acquaintance ділове знайомство; business activities види ділової діяльності; business activity ділова діяльність • господарська діяльність • економічна діяльність; business acumen ділова хватка; business address службова адреса • ділова адреса; business agent торговельний агент; business approach діловий підхід; business area сфера торговельно-промислової діяльності; business broker професійний брокер • професійний агент • діловий брокер; business canvasser торговельний агент; business саг автомобіль для ділових поїздок; business card візитна картка • візитівка; business circles ділові кола; business class бізнес-клас; business community ділові кола • ділове суспільство; business concept поняття ділової діяльності; business concern ділова справа; business conduct ведення діла; business connections ділові зв'язки; business costs ділові витрати; business credit кредит на торговельно-промислову діяльність; business cycle діловий цикл • цикл ділової діяльності • економічний цикл; business cycle indicator показник економічного циклу; business cycle recovery піднесення ділової активності; business data processing обробка комерційної інформації; business day час роботи банку • робочий день • час роботи біржі; business deal торговельна угода; business district діловий район • торговельний район; business economics економіка підприємства; business education комерційна освіта; business enterprise торговельна фірма • торговельно-промислове підприємство; business environment економічне оточення; business equipment виробниче устаткування; business establishment ділове підприємство • ділові кола • торговельно-промислове підприємство; business ethics ділова етика; business expenses витрати підприємців • торговельні витрати; business factor економічний фактор; business financing фінансування підприємств; business firm підприємницька фірма; business fortune удача в діловій діяльності • багатство, нажите внаслідок ділової діяльності; business hours години роботи підприємства • години торгівлі • години роботи біржі • робочі години; business house торговельний дім; business in futures ф'ючерсні угоди; business instinct ділове чуття • діловий нюх; business integrity чесність у діловій діяльності; business investment капіталовкладення підприємства; business law торгове право; business leader діловий лідер • керівник промислового підприємства; business life ділове життя; business management управління торговельно-промисловим підприємством; business manager комерційний директор • торговельний керівник; business merger об'єднання підприємств • злиття компаній; business method методика ділової діяльності; business monopoly підприємницька монополія; business name назва фірми • назва підприємства; business office торговельна канцелярія • торговельна контора; business of the day порядок денний; business opportunities можливість ділової діяльності; business outlook перспективи ділової діяльності • майбутня економічна кон'юнктура; business partner діловий партнер • торговельний партнер • діловий компаньйон • діловий учасник; business practice практика ділових відносин; business premises будинок підприємства; business press ділова преса; business principle діловий принцип; business procedure методика ділової діяльності; business profits прибуток підприємства; business property власність підприємства • власність фірми; business publication комерційне видання • фірмове видання; business purpose мета ділової діяльності; business quarter діловий квартал; business receipts прибутки від ділової діяльності; business relation діловий зв'язок; business relations ділові відносини • торговельні зв'язки; business reply cards картки для ділової відповіді; business representative торговельний представник; business revival пожвавлення господарської кон'юнктури; business secret виробничий секрет; business sector діловий сектор • виробничий сектор • сектор торговельно-промислової діяльності; business strategy ділова стратегія; business support підтримка підприємства; business tax податок на підприємця • податок на підприємство; business taxation оподаткування підприємства; business tax form бланк податкової декларації для підприємця; business tax package комплекс заходів з оподаткування підприємця; business tenant орендар/орендарка підприємства; business terms умови ділової діяльності; business-to-business advertising реклама для підприємців; business-to-business sales обсяг продажу торговельно-промислових підприємств • гуртовий оборот фірми; business training навчання торговельно-промислової діяльності; business trends тенденції в галузі ділової діяльності; business trip ділова поїздка • відрядження; business turnover торговельний оборот підприємства; business undertaking торговельно-промислове підприємство; business venue місце зустрічі фірми • місце ділової зустрічі; business volume торговельний оборот • обсяг ділових операцій; business week робочий тиждень; business world діловий світ; business year бюджетний рік • звітний рік • господарський рік; out of business банкрут; to be engaged in business займатися/зайнятися торгівлею • торгувати • крамарювати; to be forced out of business бути витісненим з підприємницької діяльності; to be in business займатися/зайнятися торгівлею • торгувати • крамарювати; to be out of business банкрутувати/збанкрутувати; to close down a business ліквідувати фірму • ліквідуватися; to conduct a business вести справу • займатися комерцією • керувати підприємством; to do business вести справу • вести діло; to engage in business займатися/зайнятися торгівлею • торгувати • крамарювати; to establish a business створювати/створити підприємство; to expand a business розширяти/розширити підприємство; to finance a business фінансувати підприємство; to go into business займатися/зайнятися торгівлею • торгувати • крамарювати; to go out of business ліквідувати підприємство • припиняти/припинити діяльність; to launch a business відкривати/відкрити підприємство; to manage a business керувати підприємством; to open a business засновувати/ заснувати підприємство • відкривати/відкрити підприємство; to operate a business керувати підприємством; to run a business керувати підприємством; to sell out a business продати підприємство; to set up a business починати/почати справу • засновувати/заснувати підприємство • починати/почати бізнес; to start a business починати/почати справу • засновувати/заснувати підприємство • починати/почати бізнес; to take over a business брати/взяти на себе ведення справи; to wind up a business ліквідувати підприємствоbusiness¹:: business enterprise; business² ‡ business² (383)═════════◇═════════бізнес < англ. business — діло, торгівля, справа; також форма бізнесмен — комерсант, ділок, торговець (ЕС-СУМ 1: 139; СІС: 96); підприємство/підприємництво/підприємницький < нім. Unternehmung < unter — під і nehmen — брати, приймати (ЕС-СУМ 4: 54-55)* * *господарська діяльність; бізнес; справа; клієнт; підприємництво; підприємство; клієнтура; підприємницька діяльність; оборот ( компанії); обсяг господарської діяльності -
14 рынок рын·ок
эк.взломать рынок, внедряться на рынок — to penetrate the market
господствовать на рынке, контролировать рынок — to command / to rule the market
завалить рынок (товарами) — to glut / to flood the market
захватывать новые рынки — to take over / to seize new markets
наводнять рынок товарами — to flood / to saturate the market with goods
получить доступ на иностранные рынки — to gain / to get access to foreign markets
формировать рынок — to create customers, to shape a market
внешний рынок — foreign / external market
выходить на внешние рынки — to enter the foreign / external markets
внутренний / отечественный рынок — home / internal / domestic / inland market
денежный рынок — money / monetary / currency market
заморские / иностранные рынки — foreign markets
золотой рынок, рынок золота — gold market
мировой рынок — international / world market
курсы / ставки мирового рынка — world market rates
национальный рынок — local / national market
нерегулируемый / свободный рынок — free / open market
слабый рынок эк. — flat market
финансовый рынок — capital / stock market
ёмкость рынка — absorption / capacity of market
затоваривание рынка — flooding of the market, market overstocking
изучение рынка — market exploration / research / survey
конъюнктура рынка — sales opportunities, market condition
курс / ставка на свободном рынке — open rate
обзор состояния рынка — market report / survey
использование рынка, обращение к рынку капиталов — recourse to the capital market
рынок потребителя / потребительскнх товаров — consumer market
рынок сырьевых товаров / сырья — raw-materials market
рынок ценных бумаг — stock / securities market
внебиржевой / вторичный рынок ценных бумаг — secondary market
сужение рынков — contraction / shrinkage of markets
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15 CULTURE, LITERATURE, AND LANGUAGE
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Dictionary of Brazilian Literature. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1988.■ TRAVEL AND TOURIST GUIDES ON PORTUGAL■ Ballard, Sam, and Jane Ballard. Pousadas of Portugal: Unique Lodgings in State-owned Castles, Palaces, Mansions and Hotels. Boston: Harvard Common, 1986.■ Bridge, Ann, and Susan Lowndes Marques. The Selective Traveller in Portugal. London: Chatto & Windus, 1968.■ Ellingham, Mark, et al. Portugal: The Rough Guide. London: Rough Guides, 2008 ed.■ Hogg, Anthony. Travellers' Portugal. London: Solo Mio, 1983.■ Kite, Cynthia, and Ralph Kite. Portuguese Country Inns & Pousadas. New York: Warner Books; Karen Brown's Country Inn Series, 1988.■ Lowndes, Susan, ed. Fodor's Portugal 1991. New York: Fodor's, 1990.■ Proença Raúl, and Sant'anna Dionísio, eds. Guía De Portugal. I. Generalidades. Lisboa E, Arredores. Lisbon: Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 1924; 1983.■ Robertson, Ian. Portugal: Blue Guide. London: Benn; New York: Norton, 2000 and later eds.■ Stoop, Anne de. Living in Portugal. 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The New York Review of Books (April 17, 1975).■. "The Thorns of the Portuguese Revolution." Foreign Affairs 54, 2 (Jan. 1976): 250-70.■. "The Communists and the Portuguese Revolution." Dissent 27, 2 (Spring 1980): 194-206.■. Portugal in the 1980s: Dilemmas of Democratic Consolidation. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.■. The Making of Portuguese Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.■, ed. "Portugal: Toward the Twenty-First Century." Camoes Center Quarterly 5, 3-4 (Fall 1995): 6-55.■, ed. The Press and the Rebirth of Iberian Democracy. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1983.■. Portugal Ten Years after the Revolution: Reports of Three Columbia University-Gulbenkian Workshops. New York: Research Institute on International Change, Columbia University, 1984.■ Maxwell, Kenneth, and Michael H. Haltzel, eds. Portugal: Ancient Country, Young Democracy. Washington, D.C.: Wilson Center Press, 1990.■ Medeiros Ferreira, José. Ensaio Histórico sobre a revolução do 25 de Abril. Lisbon, 1983.■ Medina, João, ed. Portugal De Abril: Do 25 Aos Nossos Dias. In Medina, ed., História Contemporãnea De Portugal. Lisbon, 1985. Merten, Peter. Anarchismus ünd Arbeiterkãmpf in Portugal. Hamburg: Libertare, 1981.■ Miranda, Jorge. Constituição e Democracia. Lisbon, 1976.■. A Constituição de 1976. Lisbon, 1978.■ Morrison, Rodney J. Portugal: Revolutionary Change in an Open Economy. Boston: Auburn House, 1981.■ Mujal-Leôn, Eusebio. "The PCP [Portuguese Communist Party] and the Portuguese Revolution." Problems of Communism 26 (Jan.- Feb. 1977): 21-41.■ Neves, Mário. Missão em Moscovo. Lisbon, 1986.■ Oliveira, César. M. F. A. e Revolução Socialista. Lisbon, 1975.■. Os Anos Decisivos: Portugal 1962-1985. Um testemunho. Lisbon: Presença, 1993.■ Opello, Waiter C., Jr. Portugal's Political Development: A Comparative Approach. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1985.■. Portugal: From Monarchy to Pluralist Democracy. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1991.■ Pell, Senator Claiborne H. Portugal ( Including the Azores and Spain) in Search of New Directions: Report to the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1976.■ Pereira, J. Pacheco. "A Case of Orthodoxy: The Communist Party of Portugal." In Waller and Fenema, eds., Communist Parties in Western Europe: Adaptation or Decline? Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1988.■ Pilmott, Ben. "Socialism in Portugal: Was It a Revolution?" Government and Opposition 7 (Summer 1977).■. "Were the Soldiers Revolutionary? The Armed Forces Movement in Portugal, 1973-1976." Iberian Studies 7, 1 (1978): 13-21.■, and Jean Seaton. "Political Power and the Portuguese Media." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 43-57. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.■ Porch, Douglas. The Portuguese Armed Forces and the Revolution. London: Croom Helm and Stanford, Calif.: Hoover Institution Press, 1977.■ Pouchin, Dominique. Portugal, quelle révolution? Paris, 1976.■ Pulido Valente, Vasco. "E Viva Otelo." In Pulido Valente, V., ed., O País das Maravilhas, 451-54. Lisbon, 1979 [anthology of articles from weekly Lisbon paper, Expresso].■. Estudos Sobre a Crise Nacional. Lisbon, 1980.■ Rebelo de Sousa, Marcelo. O Sistema de Governo Português antes e depois da Revisão Constitucional, 3rd ed. Lisbon, 1981. Rêgo, Raúl. Militares, Clérigos e Paisanos. Lisbon, 1981. Robinson, Richard A. H. Contemporary Portugal: A History. London: Allen & Unwin, 1979.■ Rodrigues, Avelino, Cesário Borga, and Mário Cardoso. O Movemento dos Capitães e o 25 de Abril. Lisbon, 1974.■. Portugal Depois De Abril. Lisbon, 1976.■ Ruas, H. B., ed. A Revolução das Flores. Lisbon, 1975.■ Rudel, Christian. La Liberte couleur d'oeillet. Paris: Fayard, 1980.■ Sa, Tiago Moreira de. Os Americanos na Revolucao Portuguesa ( 1974-1976). Lisbon: Edit. Noticias, 2004.■ Sá Carneiro, Francisco. Por Uma Social-Democracia Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1975.■ Sanches Osôrio, Helena. Um Só Rosto. Uma Só Fé. Conversas Com Adelino Da Palma Carlos. Lisbon, 1988. Sanches Osôrio, J. The Betrayal of the 25th of April in Portugal. Madrid: Sedmay, 1975.■ Schmitter, Philippe C. "Liberation by Golpe: Retrospective Thoughts on the Demise of Authoritarian Rule in Portugal." Armed Forces and Society 2 (1974): 5-33.■. "An Introduction to Southern European Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Italy, Greece, Portugal, Spain and Turkey." In G. O'Donnell,■ P. C. Schmitter, and L. Whitehead, eds., Transitions from Authoritarian Rule, 3-10. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986.■ Silva, Fernando Dioga da. "Uma Administração Envelhecido." Revista da Ad-ministraçao Pública 2 (Oct.-Dec. 1979).■ Simões, Martinho, ed. Relatório Do 25 De Novembro: Texto Integral, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1976.■ Soares, Isabel, ed. Mário Soares: O homem e o político. Lisbon, 1976. Soares, Mário. Democratização e Descolonização: Dez meses no Governo Provisório. Lisbon, 1975. Sobel, Lester A., ed. Portuguese Revolution, 1974-1976. New York: Facts on File, Inc., 1976.■ Spínola, Antônio de. Portugal e o Futuro. Lisbon, 1974.■. País Sem Rumo: Contributo para a História de uma Revolução. Lisbon, 1978.■ Story, Jonathan. "Portugal's Revolution of Carnations: Patterns of Change and Continuity." International Affairs 52 (July 1976): 417-34. Sweezey, Paul. "Class Struggles in Portugal." Monthly Review 27, 4 (Sept. 1975): 1-26.■ Szulc, Tad. "Lisbon and Washington: Behind Portugal's Revolution." Foreign Policy 21 (Winter 1975-76): 3-62. Tavares de Almeida, Antônio. Balsemão: O retrato. Lisbon, 1981. "Vasco." Desenhos Políticos. Lisbon, 1974.■ Vasconcelos, Alvaro. "Portugal in Atlantic-Mediterranean Security." In Douglas T. Stuart, ed., Politics and Security in the Southern Region of the Atlantic Alliance, 117-36. London: Macmillan, 1988.■ Wheeler, Douglas L. "Golpes militares e golpes literários. A literatura do golpe de 25 de Abril de 1974 em contexto histôrico." Penélope. Fazer E Desfazer A História, 19-20 (1998): 191-212.■. "Tributo ao Historiador dos Historiadores. Memorias de A.H.de Oliveira Marques (1933-2007)," Historia XXIX, 95, III series (March 2007), 18-22.■ Wiarda, Howard J. Transcending Corporatism? The Portuguese Corporative System and the Revolution of 1974. Columbia: Institute of International Studies, University of South Carolina, 1976.■. The Transition to Democracy in Spain and Portugal. Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1989. Wise, Audrey. Eyewitness in Revolutionary Portugal. With a Preface by Judith Hart, MP. London: Spokesman, 1975.■ PHYSICAL FEATURES: GEOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY, FAUNA, AND FLORA■ Birot, Pierre. Le Portugal: Étude de géographie régionale. Paris, 1950.■ Embleton, Clifford. Geomorphology of Europe. London: Macmillan, 1984.■ Girão, Aristides de Amorim. Divisão regional, divisão agrícola e divisão administrativa. Coimbra, 1932.■. Condições geográficos e históricas de autonomia política de Portugal. Coimbra, 1935.■. Atlas de Portugal, 2nd ed. Coimbra, 1958.■ Ribeiro, Orlando. Portugal, O Mediterrâneo e o Altântico. Coimbra, 1945 and later eds.■. Portugal. Volume V of Geografia de Espana y Portugal. Barcelona, 1955.■. Ensaios de Geografia Humana e regio nal. Lisbon, 1970.■. A geografia e a divisão regional do país. Lisbon, 1970.■ Stanislawski, Dan. The Individuality of Portugal. Austin: The University of Texas Press, 1959.■. Portugal's Other Kingdom: The Algarve. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1963.■ Taylor, Albert William. Wild Flowers of Spain and Portugal. London: Chatto & Windus, 1972.■ Way, Ruth, and Margaret Simmons. A Geography of Spain and Portugal. London: Methuen, 1962.■ ARCHAEOLOGY AND PREHISTORY■ "Actas do Colóquio Inter-Universitário do Noroeste Peninsular (Porto-Baião, 1988), vol. II, Proto-História, romanização e Idade Média." In Trabalhos de antropologia e etnologia. 28, 3-4 (1988).■ Alarcão, Jorge de, ed. "Do Paleolítico va arte visigótica." Vol. 1, História da■ Arte em Portugal. Lisbon: Alfa, 1986.■. Roman Portugal, 3 vols. Warminister, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1988.■. Portugal Das Orígens A Romanização. Vol. I. In J. Serrão and A. H. de Oliveira Marques, eds. Nova História de Portugal. Lisbon: Presença, 1990. Anderson, James M., and M. S. Lea. Portugal 1001 Sights: An Archaeological and Historical Guide. Calgary, Alberta: University of Calgary and Robert Hale, 1994.■ Balmuth, Miriam S., Antonio Gilman, and Lourdes Prados-Torreira, eds. Encounters and Transformations: The Archaeology of Iberia in Transition. Monographs in Mediterranean Archaeology, no. 7. Sheffield, U.K.: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997.■ Beirão, C. M. M. Une civilization protohistorique du Sud au Portugal ( 1er Age du Fer). Paris: D. Boccard, 1986.■ Cardoso, João Luís, Santinho A. Cunha, and Delberto Aguiar. O Homem Pre-Histórico no Concelho de Oeiras. Oeiras, Portugal: Estudos Arquelógicos de Oeiras, 1991.■ Harrison, Richard J. The Bell Beaker Cultures of Spain and Portugal. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1977.■ Mangas, Júlio, ed. Hispania epigraphica. Madrid, 1989.■ Maloney, Stephanie J. "The Villa of Toerre de Palma, Portugal: Archaeology and Preservation." Portuguese Studies Review VIII, 1 (Fall-Winter, 1999-2000): 14-28.■ Savory, H. N. Spain and Portugal: The Prehistory of the Iberian Peninsula. London, 1968.■ Silva, A. C. F. A cultura castreja no Noroeste de Portugal. Paços de Ferreira:■ Museu da Citânia de Sanfins, 1986. Straus, L. G. Iberia before the Iberians. Albuquerque, N.M., 1992.■ FOREIGN TRAVELERS AND RESIDENTS' ACCOUNTS■ Andersen, Hans Christian. A Visit to Portugal 1866. London: Peter Owen, 1972.■ Beckford, William. Italy, with Sketches of Spain and Portugal. Paris: Baudry's European Library, 1834.■ Boyd Alexander, ed. London: Hart-Davies, 1954.■. Recollections of an Excursion to the Monasteries of Alcoboca and Batalha. Fontwell, U.K.: Centaur Press, 1972.■ Bell, Aubrey F. G. In Portugal. London: Bodley Head, 1912.■ Borrow, George. The Bible in Spain, 2 vols. London: Constable, 1923 ed.■ Chaves, Castelo Branco. Os livros de viagens em Portugal no século XVIII e a sua projecção europeia. Lisbon, 1977.■ Costigan, Arthur William. Sketches of Society and Manners in Portugal. London: T. Vernon, 1787.■ Crawfurd, Oswald. Portugal Old and New. London: Kegan, Paul, 1880.■. Round the Calendar in Portugal. London: Chapman & Hall, 1890.■ Darymple, William. Travels through Spain and Portugal in 1774. London: J. Almon, 1777.■ Dumouriez, Charles Francois Duperrier. An Account of Portugal as It Appeared in 1766. London: C. Law, 1797.■ Fielding, Henry. Jonathan Wild and the Journal of a Voyage to Lisbon. London: J. M. Dent, 1932.■ Fullerton, Alice. To Portugal for Pleasure. London: Grafton, 1945.■ Gibbons, John. I Gathered No Moss. London: Robert Hale, 1939.■ Gordon, Jan, and Cora Gordon. Portuguese Somersault. London: Harrap, 1934.■ Hewitt, Richard. A Cottage in Portugal. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996.■ Huggett, Frank. South of Lisbon: Winter Travels in Southern Portugal. London: Gollancz, 1960.■ Hume, Martin. Through Portugal. London: Richards, 1907.■ Hyland, Paul. Backwards Out of the Big World: A Voyage into Portugal. Hammersmith, U.K.: HarperCollins, 1996.■ Jackson, Catherine Charlotte, Lady. Fair Lusitania. London: Bentley, 1874.■ Kelly, Marie Node. This Delicious Land Portugal. London: Hutchinson, 1956.■ Kempner, Mary Jean. Invitation to Portugal. New York: Athenaeum, 1969.■ Kingston, William H. G. Lusitanian Sketches of the Pen and Pencil. 2 vol. London: Parker, 1845.■ Landmann, George. Historical, Military and Picturesque Observations on Portugal. 2 vol. London: Cadell and Davies, 1818.■ Latouche, John [Pseudonym of Oswald Crawfurd]. Travels in Portugal. London: Ward, Lock & Taylor, ca. 1874.■ Link, Henry Frederick. Travels in Portugal and France and Spain. London: Longman & Rees, 1801.■ Macauley, Rose. They Went to Portugal. London: Jonathan Cape, 1946.■. They Went to Portugal, Too. Manchester: Carcanet Books, 1990.■ Merle, Iris. Portuguese Panorama. London: Ouzel, 1958.■ Murphy, J. C. Travels in Portugal. London: 1795.■ Proper, Datus C. The Last Old Place: A Search through Portugal. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1992.■ Quillinan, Dorothy [Wordsworth]. Journal of a Few Months in Portugal with Glimpses of the South of Spain. 2 vol. London: Moxon, 1847. Sitwell, Sacheverell. Portugal and Madeira. London: Batsford, 1954. Smith, Karine R. Until Tomorrow: Azores and Portugal. Snohomish, Wash.: Snohomish Publishing, 1978. Southey, Robert. Journals of a Residence in Portugal, 1800-1801 and a Visit to France, 1838. London and New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1912. Thomas, Gordon Kent. Lord Byron's Iberian Pilgrimage. Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Press, 1983. Twiss, Richard. Travels through Portugal and Spain in 1772-1773. London, 1775.■ Watson, Gilbert. Sunshine and Sentiment in Portugal. London: Arnold, 1904. Wheeler, Douglas L. "A[n American] Fulbrighter in Lisbon, Portugal, 196162." Portuguese Studies Review 1 (1991): 9-16.■ PORTUGUESE CARTOGRAPHY, DISCOVERIES, AND NAVIGATION■ Albuquerque, Luís de. Curso de História de Naútica. Coimbra, 1972.■. Introdução a história dos descobrimentos, 3rd ed. Mem Martins, 1983.■. Os Descobrimentos Portugueses. Lisbon: Alfa, 1983.■. Portuguese Books on Nautical Science from Pedro Nunes to 1650. Lisbon, 1984.■. Os Descobrimentos Portugueses. Lisbon, 1985.■ Boorstin, Daniel. The Discoverers. New York: Random House, 1983. Boxer, C. R. The Portuguese Seaborne Empire, 1415-1825. London: Hutchinson, 1969.■ Brazão, Eduardo. La découverte de Terre-Neuve. Montreal: Les Presses de l'Université, 1964.■. "Les Corte-Real et le Nouveau Monde." Revue d'histoire d'Amérique Française 19, 1 (1965): 335-49. Cortesão, Armando, and Avelino Teixeira de Mota. Cartografia Portuguesa Antiga. Lisbon, 1960.■. Portugalia Monumenta Cartográfica, 6 vols. Lisbon, 1960-62.■. História da Cartografia Portuguesa, 2 vols. Coimbra, 1969-70.■ Cortesão, Jaime. L'expansion des portugais dans l'historie de la civilisation. Brussels, 1930.■. Os descobrimentos portugueses, 2 vols. V. Magalhães Godinho and Joel Serrão, eds. Lisbon, 1960.■. A expansão dos Portugueses no período henriquinho. Lisbon, 1965.■. Descobrimentos precolombanos dos portugueses. Lisbon, 1966.■ Costa, Abel Fontoura da. A Marinharia dos Descobrimentos, 3rd ed. Lisbon, 1960.■ Costa Brochado, Idalino F. Descobrimento do Atlântico. Lisbon, 1958. English ed., 1959-60.■ Coutinho, Admiral Gago. A naútica dos descobrimentos, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1951-52.■ Crone, G. R. Maps and Their Makers. New York: Capricorn Books, 1966.■ Dias, José S. da Silva. Os descobrimentos e a problemática cultural do Século XVI, 2nd ed. Lisbon, 1982.■ Disney, Anthony, and Emily Booth, eds. Vasco Da Gama and the Linking of Europe and Asia. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2000.■ Godinho, Vitorino Magalhães, ed. Documentos sobre a expansão portuguesa [ to 1460], 3 vols. Lisbon, 1945-54.■ Guedes, Max, and Gerald Lombardi, eds. Portugal. Brazil: The Age of Atlantic Discoveries. Lisbon: Bertrand; Milan: Ricci; Brazilian Culture Foundation, 1990. [Catalogue of New York Public Library Exhibit, Summer 1990]■ Harley, J. B., and David Woodward. The History of Cartography. Volume 1: Cartography in Prehistoric, Ancient and Medieval Europe and Mediterranean. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987.■ Leite, Duarte. História dos Descobrimentos: Colectânea de esparsos, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1958-61.■ Ley, Charles. Portuguese Voyages, 1498-1663. London: Dent, 1953.■ Marques, J. Martins da Silva. Descobrimentos portugueses, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1944-71.■ Martyn, John R. C., ed. Pedro Nunes ( 1502-1578): His Lost Algebra and Other Discoveries. John R. C. Martyn, trans. New York: Peter Lang, 1996.■ Morison, Samuel Eliot. The European Discovery of America: The Northern Voyages, A. D. 500-1600. New York: Oxford University Press, 1971.■. Portuguese Voyages to America in the Fifteenth Century. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1974.■ Mota, Avelino Teixeira da. Mar, Além-Mar-Estudos e Ensaios de História e Geografia. Lisbon, 1972.■ Nemésio, Vitorino. Vida e Obra do Infante D. Henrique. Lisbon, 1959.■ Parry, J. H. The Discovery of the Sea. New York: Dial, 1974.■ Penrose, Boies. Travel and Discovery in the Renaissance, 1420-1620. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1952.■ Peres, Damião. História dos Descobrimentos Portugueses. Oporto, 1943.■ Prestage, Edgar. The Portuguese Pioneers. London, 1933; New York: Barnes & Noble, 1967.■ Rogers, Francis M. Precision Astrolabe: Portuguese Navigators and Transoceanic Aviation. Lisbon, 1971.■ Seary, E. R. "The Portuguese Element in the Place Names of Newfoundland." In Luís Albuquerque, ed., Vice-Almirante A. Teixeira da Mota: In Memo-riam. Vol. II, 359-64. Lisbon: Academia da Marinha, 1989.■ Subrahmanyam, Sanjay. The Career and Legend of Vasco Da Gama. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.■ Velho, Alvaro. Roteiro ( Navigator's Route) da Primeira Viagem de Vasco da Gama ( 1497-1499). Lisbon, 1960.■ Winius, George, ed. Portugal, the Pathfinder: Journeys from the Medieval toward the Modern World 1300-ca. 1600. Madison, Wisc.: Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies, 1995.■ PORTUGAL AND HER OVERSEAS EMPIRES (1415-1975)■ Abshire, David M., and Michael A. Samuels, eds. Portuguese Africa: A Handbook. New York: Praeger, 1969.■ Afonso, Aniceto, and Carlos de Matos Gomes. Guerra Colonial. Lisbon: Noticias, 2001.■ Albuquerque, J. Moushino de. Moçambique. Lisbon, 1898.■ Alden, Dauril. The Making of an Enterprise: The Society of Jesus in Portugal, Its Empire & Beyond. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1995.■ Alexandre, Valentim. Orígens do Colonialismo Português Moderno ( 18221891). Lisbon: Sá da Costa, 1979.■, and Jill Dias, eds. "O Império Africano 1825-1890. Volume X." In J.■ Serrão and A. H. de Oliveira Marques, eds., Nova História Da Expansão Portuguesa. Lisbon: Estampa, 1998.■ Ames, Glen J. "The Carreira da India, 1668-1682: Maritime Enterprise and the Quest for Stability in Portugal's Asian Empire." Journal of European Economic History 20, 1 (1991): 7-28.■. Renascent Empire? The House of Braganza and the Quest for Stability in Portuguese Monsoon Asia, ca. 1640-1683. Amsterdam: Amsterdam Univ.Press, 2000.■. Vasco da Gama. Renaissance Crusader. New York: Pearson/Longman, 2005.■ Antunes, José Freire. O Império com Pés de Barro: Colonizaçao e Descolonização: As Ideologias em Portugal. Lisbon: D. Quixote, 1980.■. O Factor Africano 1890-1990. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1990.■. A Guerra De Africa 1961-1974, 2 vols. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1995-96.■. Jorge Jardim: Agente Secreto 1919-1982. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1996.■ Axelson, Eric A. South-East Africa, 1488-1530. London: Longmans, 1940.■. "Prince Henry and the Discovery of the Sea Route to India." Geographical Journal (U.K.) 127, 2 (June 1961): 145-58.■. Portugal and the Scramble for Africa, 1875-1891. Johannesburg: Witwaterstrand University Press, 1967.■. Portuguese in South-East Africa, 1488-1699. Cape Town: Struik, 1973.■. Congo to Cape: Early Portuguese Explorers. New York: Harper & Row, 1974.■ Azevedo, Mário. Historical Dictionary of Mozambique, 2nd ed. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2003.■ Baião, António, Hernãni Cidade, and Manuel Murias, eds. História da Expansão Portuguesa no Mundo, 4 vols. Lisbon, 1937-40.■ Bender, Gerald J. "The Limits of Counterinsurgency [in the Angolan War, 1961-72]." Comparative Politics (1972): 331-60.■. Angola under the Portuguese: The Myth Versus Reality. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978.■ Bhíla, H. H. K. Trade and Politics in a Shona Kingdom: The Manyika and Their Portuguese and African Neighbours, 1875-1902. Harlow, U.K.: Longman, 1990.■ Birmingham, David. The Portuguese Conquest of Angola. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1965.■. Trade and Conflict in Angola. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1966.■. Frontline Nationalism in Angola & Mozambique. London: James Currey, 1992.■. Portugal and Africa. New York: St. Martins, 1999.■ Bottineau, Yves. Le Portugal Et Sa Vocation Maritime. Paris: Boccard, 1977. Boxer, C. R. Fidalgos in the Far East— Fact and Fancy in the History of Macau. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1948. ———. The Christian Century in Japan. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1951.■ ———. Salvador de Sá and the Struggle for Brazil and Angola, 1602-1688. London, 1952.■ ———. Four Centuries of Portuguese Expansion, 1415-1825: A Succinct Survey. Johannesburg: Witwaterstrand University Press, 1961.■ ———. The Golden Age of Brazil, 1695-1750. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1962.■ ———. Race Relations in the Portuguese Colonial Empire, 1415-1825. Oxford:■ Clarendon Press, 1963. ———. Portuguese Society in the Tropics. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1965.■ ———. The Portuguese Seaborne Empire 1415-1825. London: Hutchi nson, 1969.■ ———, and Carlos de Azevedo, eds. Fort Jesus and the Portuguese in Mombasa. London: Hollis and Carter, 1960.■ Broadhead, Susan H. Historical Dictionary of Angola, 2nd ed. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1992.■ Burton, Richard. Goa and the Blue Mountains. London: Bentley, 1851.■ Cabral, Luís. Crónica da Libertação. Lisbon, 1984.■ Caetano, Marcello. Colonizing Traditions, Principles and Methods of the Portuguese. Lisbon, 1951.■ ———. Portugal E A Internacionalização Dos Problemas Africanos, 3rd ed. Lisbon, 1965.■ Cann, John P. Counterinsurgency in Africa: The Portuguese Way of War, 1961-1974. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1997. Castelo, Claudia. " O modo portugues de estar no mundo." O luso-tropicalismo e a ideologia colonial portuguesa ( 1931-1961). Oporto: Afrontamento, 1998. Castro, Armando. O Sistema Colonial Português em Africa ( meados do Século XX). Lisbon, 1978.■ Chaliand, Gerard. "The Independence of Guinea-Bissau and the Heritage of [Amilcar] Cabral." In Revolution in the Third World. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1978.■ Chilcote, Ronald H. Portuguese Africa. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1967.■ Clarence-Smith, Gervase. Slaves, Peasants and Capitalists in Southern Angola 1840-1926. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979.■ ———. The Third Portuguese Empire 1825-1975: A Study in Economic Imperialism. Manchester, U.K.: Manchester University Press, 1985.■ Coates, Timothy J. Convicts and Orphans: Forced and State-Sponsored Colonizers in the Portuguese Empire, 1550-1720. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2001.■ Davies, Shann. Macau. Singapore: Times Editions, 1986.■ Dias, C. Malheiro, ed. 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Brother Luiz de Sousa [play]. Edgar Prestage, trans. London: Elkin Mathess, 1909.■. Travels in My Homeland. John M. Parker, trans. London: Peter Owen and UNESCO, 1987. Griffin, Jonathan. Camões: Some Poems Translated from the Portuguese by Jonathan Griffin. London: Menard Press, 1976. Jorge, Lídia. The Murmuring Coast. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1995.■ Lisboa, Eugénio, ed. Portuguese Short Fiction. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1997.■ Lopes, Fernão. The English in Portugal 1367-87: Extracts from the Chronicles of Dom Fernando and Dom João. Derek W. Lomax and R. J. Oakley, eds. and trans. Warminster, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1988.■ Macedo, Helder, ed. Contemporary Portuguese Poetry: An Anthology in English. Helder Macedo, et al., trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet New Press, 1978.■ Martins, J. P. De Oliveira. A History of Iberian Civilization. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans.; preface by Salvador de Madariaga. New York: Cooper Square, 1969.■ Mendes Pinto, Fernão. The Travels of Mendes Pinto [Orig. title: Peregrinação].■ Rebecca D. Catz, trans., with introduction and notes. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989. Miguéis, José Rodrigues. A Man Smiles at Death with Half a Face. George■ Monteiro, trans. Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England, 1991.■. Happy Easter. John Byrne, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1995.■. Steerage and Ten Other Stories. George Monteiro, ed. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1998. Monteiro, Luís De Sttau. The Rules of the Game. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Hamilton, 1965.■ Mourão-Ferreira, David. Lucky in Love. Christine Robinson, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1999. Namora, Fernando. Field of Fate. Dorothy Ball, trans. London: Macmillan, 1970.■. Mountain Doctor. Dorothy Ball, trans. London: Macmillan, 1956.■ Nemésio, Vitorino. Inclement Weather over the Channel. Francisco Cota Fagundes, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1993.■. Stormy Isles: An Azorean Tale. Francisco C. Fagundes, trans. 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Anderson, trans. London, 1882.■ Portuguese and Portuguese-American Cooking: Cuisine■ Anderson, Jean. Food of Portugal. New York: Hearst, 1994. Asselin, E. Donald. A Portuguese-American Cookbook. Rutland, Vt.: Charles E. Tuttle, 1966.■ Bourne, Ursula. Portuguese Cookery. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1973. Crato, Maria Helena Tavares. Cozinha Portuguesa I, II. Lisbon: Editorial Presença, 1978.■ Dienhart, Miriam, and Anne Emerson, ed. Cooking in Portugal. Cascais: American Women of Lisbon, 1978.■ Feibleman, Peter S. The Cooking of Spain and Portugal. New York: Time-Life Books; Foods of the World, 1969.■ Koehler, Margaret H. Recipes from the Portuguese of Provincetown. Riverside, Conn.: Chatham Press, 1973. Manjny, Maite. The Home Book of Portuguese Cookery. London: Faber & Faber, 1974.■ Marques, Susan Lowndes. Good Food from Spain and Portugal. London: Muller, 1956.■ Modesto, Maria de Lourdes. Cozinha Tradicional Portuguesa. Lisbon: Verbo, 1982.■ Ortiz, Elisabeth Lambert. 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"On the Edge of Europe: A Survey of Portugal." (June 30, 1981): 3-27.■. "Coming Home: A Survey of Portugal." (May 28, 1988).■. 'The New Iberia: Not Quite Kissing Cousins" [Spain and Portugal]. (May 5, 1990): 21-24.■ Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian and German Marshall Fund of the U.S., eds. II Conferência Internacional sobre e Economia Portuguesa, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1979.■ Hudson, Mark. Portugal to 1993: Investing in a European Future. London: The Economist Intelligence Unit/Special Report No. 11 57/EIU Economic Prospects Series, 1989.■ International Labour Office (ILO). Employment and Basic Needs in Portugal. Geneva: ILO, 1979.■ Kavalsky, Basil, and Surendra Agarwal. Portugal: Current and Prospective Economic Trends. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978.■ Krugman, Paul, and Jorge Braga de Macedo. "The Economic Consequences of the April 25th Revolution." Economia III (1979): 455-83.■ Lewis, John R., and Alan M. Williams. "The Sines Project: Portugal's Growth Centre or White Elephant?" Town Planning Review 56, 3 (1985): 339-66.■ Makler, Harry M. "The Consequences of the Survival and Revival of the Industrial Bourgeoisie." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 251-83. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.■ Marques, A. La Politique Economique Portugaise dans la Période de la Dictature ( 1926-1974). Doctoral thesis, 3rd cycle, University of Grenoble, France, 1980.■ Martins, B. Sociedades e grupos em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973.■ Mata, Eugenia, and Nuno Valério. História Econômica De Portugal: Uma Perspectiva Global. Lisbon: Edit. Presença, 1994. Murteira, Mário. "The Present Economic Situation: Its Origins and Prospects." In L. S. Graham and H. M. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal, 331-42. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979. OCED. Economic Survey: Portugal: 1988. Paris: OCED, 1988 [see also this series since 1978].■ Pasquier, Albert. L'Economie du Portugal: Données et Problémes de Son Expansion. Paris: Librarie Generale de Droit, 1961. Pereira da Moura, Francisco. Para onde vai e economia portuguesa? Lisbon, 1973.■ Pintado, V. Xavier. Structure and Growth of the Portuguese Economy. Geneva: EFTA, 1964.■ Pitta e Cunha, Paulo. "Portugal and the European Economic Community." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 321-38. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.■. "The Portuguese Economic System and Accession to the European Community." In E. Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opello, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal, 1974-1984, 281-300. Lisbon, 1985. Porto, Manuel. "Portugal: Twenty Years of Change." In Alan Williams, ed., Southern Europe Transformed, 84-112. London: Harper & Row, 1984. Quarterly Economic Review. London: The Economist Intelligence Unit, 1974-present.■ Salgado de Matos, Luís. Investimentos Estrangeiros em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973 and later eds.■ Schmitt, Hans O. Economic Stabilisation and Growth in Portugal. Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund, 1981.■ Smith, Diana. Portugal and the Challenge of 1992. New York: Camões Center, RIIC, Columbia University, 1989.■ Tillotson, John. The Portuguese Bank Note Case [ 1920s]: Legal, Economic and Financial Approaches to the Measure of Damages in Contract. Manchester, U.K.: Faculty of Law, University of Manchester, 1992.■ Tovias, Alfred. Foreign Economic Relations of the Economic Community: The Impact of Spain and Portugal. Boulder, Colo.: Rienner, 1990.■ Valério, Nuno. A moeda em Portugal, 1913-1947. Lisbon: Sá da Costa, 1984.■. As Finanças Públicas Portuguesas Entre As Duas Guerras Mundiais. Lisbon: Cosmos, 1994.■ World Bank. Portugal: Current and Prospective Economic Trends. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978 and to the present.■ PHOTOGRAPHY ON PORTUGAL■ Alves, Afonso Manuel, Antônio Sacchetti, and Moura Machado. Lisboa. Lisbon, 1991.■ Antunes, José. Lisboa do nosso olhar; A look on Lisbon. Lisbon: Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, 1991. Beaton, Cecil. Near East. London: Batsford, 1943.■. Lisboa 1942: Cecil Beaton, Lisbon 1942. Lisbon: British Historical Society of Portugal/Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 1995.■ Bottineau, Yves. Portugal. London: Thames & Hudson, 1957.■ Câmara Municipal de Lisboa. 7 Olhares ( Seven Viewpoints). Lisbon: Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, 1998.■ Capital, A. Lisboa: Imagens d'A Capital. Lisbon: Edit. Notícias, 1984.■ Dias, Marina Tavares. Photographias de Lisboa, 1900 ( Photographs of Lisbon, 1900). Lisbon: Quimera, 1991.■. Os melhores postais antigos de Lisboa ( The best old postcards of Lisbon). Lisbon: Químera, 1995.■ Finlayson, Graham, and Frank Tuohy. Portugal. London: Thames & Hudson, 1970.■ Glassner, Helga. Portugal. Berlin-Zurich: Atlantis-Verlag, 1942. Hopkinson, Amanda, ed. Reflections by Ten Portuguese photographers. Bark-way, U.K.: Frontline/Portugal 600, 1996.■ Lima, Luís Leiria, and Isabel Salema. Lisboa de Pedra e Bronze. Lisbon, 1990.■ Martins, Miguel Gomes. Lisboa ribeirinha ( Riverside Lisbon). Lisbon: Arquivo Municipal, Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, Livros Horizonte, 1994. Vieira, Alice. Esta Lisboa ( This Lisbon). Lisbon: Caminho, 1994. Wohl, Hellmut, and Alice Wohl. Portugal. London: Frederick Muller, 1983.■ EQUESTRIANISM■ Andrade, Manoel Carlos de, Luz da Liberal e Nobre Arte da Cavallaria. Lisbon, 1790.■ Graciosa, Filipe. Escola Portuguesa de Arte Equestre. Lisbon, 2004.■ Horsetalk Magazine. Published in New Zealand.■ Oliveira, Nuno. Reflections on the Equestrian Art. London, 2000.■ Russell, Eleanor, ed. The Truth in the Teaching of Nuno Oliveira. Stanhope,■ Queensland, Australia, 2003. Vilaca, Luis V., and Pedro Yglesias d'Oliveira, eds. LUSITANO. Coudelarias De Portugal. O Cavalo ancestral do Sudoeste da Europa. Lisbon: ICONOM, 2005.■ Websites of interest: www.equestrian.pt portugalweb.comHistorical dictionary of Portugal > CULTURE, LITERATURE, AND LANGUAGE
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